Iron is a dense metal, but it is soft and tends to break and rust. At the same time, coal pro-ĭuction skyrocketed-from 33 million tons in 1870 to more than 250 million Up to 3 miles wide in the Mesabi Range of Minnesota. In 1887, prospectors discovered iron ore deposits more than 100 miles long and There were also abundant deposits of coal and iron. # BESSEMER STEEL PROCESS Oil was not the only natural resource that was Gasoline became the most important form of oil. Rushed to transform the oil into kerosene. Petroleum-refining industries arose in Cleveland and Pittsburgh as entrepreneurs This breakthrough started an oilīoom that spread to Kentucky, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, and, later, Texas. Steam engine to drill for oil near Titusville, Pennsylvania, that removing oil fromīeneath the earth’s surface became practical. It wasn’t until 1859, however, when Edwin L. How to distill the fuel from oil or coal. Kerosene to light lamps after the Canadian geologist Abraham Gesner discovered # BLACK GOLD Though eastern Native American tribes had made fuel and medi-Ĭine from crude oil long before Europeans arrived on the continent, earlyĪmerican settlers had little use for oil. This immense industrial boom was due to several factors, including: a wealth of natural resources, government support for business, and a growing urban population that provided both cheap labor and markets for new products. By the 1920s-a mere 60 years later-it had become the leading industrial power in the world. Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization After the Civil War, the United States was still largely an agricultural nation. After months of difficult, frustrating work, on the morning of January 10, 1901, oil gushed from their well. quoted in Spindletop In 1900, the two men found investors, and they began to drill that autumn. I know there is oil here in greater quantities than man has ever found before.” these experts come and tell you this or that can’t happen because it has never happened before. A PERSONAL VOICE PATTILLO HIGGINS “ Captain Lucas. When other investors were slow to send money, Higgins kept his faith, not only in Spindletop, but in Lucas. Lucas, an experienced prospector who also believed that there was oil at Spindletop. A magazine ad seeking investors got one response-from Captain Anthony F. Higgins, who had been a mechanic and a lumber mer- chant, couldn’t convince geologists or investors that oil was present, but he didn’t give up. If Higgins found oil, it could serve as a fuel source around which a vibrant industrial city would develop. This and other signs convinced him that oil was underground. WHY IT MATTERS NOWWHY IT MATTERS NOW The Expansion of Industry 436 CHAPTER 14 One day, Pattillo Higgins noticed bubbles in the springs around Spindletop, a hill near Beaumont in southeastern Texas. Technological developments of the late 19th century paved the way for the continued growth of American industry. Alexander Graham Bell At the end of the 19th century, natural resources, creative ideas, and growing markets fueled an industrial boom.1875 18701870 18801880 MAIN IDEAMAIN IDEA Terms & NamesTerms & Names One American's Story
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